Abstract
Objective: The inflammation and oxidative stress were related together in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which is responsible for the enhancement of inflammation associated with various chronic diseases.
 Methods: The aim of this study is to synthezise and characterizes the flavones (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) derivatives and analyzed by their docking hypothetical data as an effective anti-inflammatory mediator against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. Further, the evaluation of various in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory studies was carried out.
 Results: The 10 compounds were synthesized and characterized by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The docking data results of these 10 flavones derivatives against COX-2 enzymes (Protein Data Bank ID: 3LN1) showed the binding energy ranging between −5.53 kcal/mol and −7.02 kcal/mol when compared with that of the standard diclofenac (−6.34 kcal/mol). The in vitro studies suggest that the lipophilic character of the side chain donor, along with the hydroxyl substituted flavones found to have significant half maximal inhibitory concentration values.
 Conclusion: Based on these in silico and in vitro evaluation results, these synthesized compounds could act as a promising inhibitor to target the COX- 2 enzyme. Hence, those compounds were effective in the management of chronic diseases by exhibits free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory property.
Highlights
Bioflavonoids or flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds and broadly distributed in plants, which acts as a secondary metabolite to the plants
All the synthesized compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques such as UV, IR, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and MS
This effect is payable to the presence of hydroxyl group in 2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one moiety with its structure
Summary
Bioflavonoids or flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds and broadly distributed in plants, which acts as a secondary metabolite to the plants. Many flavonoids have an excellent antioxidant property and play an important role in preventing the major diseases such as cardiac disorder, antidiabetic, and anticancer, which are mainly initiated by the development of oxidative stress [1,2]. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the origin of several diabetic, cancer, cardiovascular, and degenerative diseases [3]. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) acts as a core in the development of inflammatory diseases due to host defense mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils which leads to oxidation of protein (tyrosine phosphatase) responsible for the production of an inflammatory signal molecule such as peroxiredoxin 2 [4]. It was clearly predicted that increasing level of nitrite, malondialdehyde, and lipid peroxidation leads to decreasing the total antioxidant enzymes of diabetic rat [6]. It is well established that the various anti-inflammatory drugs could act by blocking the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) [7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
