Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely used in many fields in the last decades, including electronics, biomedicine, cosmetics, food processing, buildings, and aeronautics. The application of these nanomaterials in the medical field could improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention techniques. Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized derivative of graphene, is currently used in biotechnology and medicine for cancer treatment, drug delivery, and cellular imaging. Also, GO is characterized by various physicochemical properties, including nanoscale size, high surface area, and electrical charge. However, the toxic effect of GO on living cells and organs is a limiting factor that limits its use in the medical field. Recently, numerous studies have evaluated the biocompatibility and toxicity of GO in vivo and in vitro. In general, the severity of this nanomaterial's toxic effects varies according to the administration route, the dose to be administered, the method of GO synthesis, and its physicochemical properties. This review brings together studies on the method of synthesis and structure of GO, characterization techniques, and physicochemical properties. Also, we rely on the toxicity of GO in cellular models and biological systems. Moreover, we mention the general mechanism of its toxicity.
Highlights
Nanoparticles are widely used in electronics, aeronautics, energy, agriculture, cosmetics, medicine, textile production, and many other fields
Other works have prepared a series of antibacterial, adhesive, hemostatic, antioxidant, conductive, photothermal and hyaluronic acid, dopamine, and reduced graphene oxide- based hydrogels using H2O2/HPR system that can improve the complete regeneration of the skin
We have given a detailed overview of the synthesis methods of Graphene oxide (GO), its structure, different characterization techniques, and its physicochemical properties
Summary
Nanoparticles are widely used in electronics, aeronautics, energy, agriculture, cosmetics, medicine, textile production, and many other fields. Other works have prepared a series of antibacterial, adhesive, hemostatic, antioxidant, conductive, photothermal and hyaluronic acid, dopamine, and reduced graphene oxide- (rGO-) based hydrogels using H2O2/HPR system that can improve the complete regeneration of the skin. This makes it very interesting for clinical applications [22]. The toxic effects of GO depend on several factors, including the route of administration, the dose to be administered, the method of synthesis of GO, and its physicochemical properties These factors influence and increase the complexity of comparisons between different studies on the toxicity of GO. We showed the general mechanism of toxicity, to better understand the toxic effects related to the exposure of GO to improve the biological safety of this nanomaterial and facilitate its use in the biomedical field
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have