Synthesis and thermal behaviours of side-chain liquid-crystalline poly[N-(4-methoxyazobenzene-4′-oxyalkyl)ethyleneimine

Abstract

A series of side-chain liquid-crystalline polymers, poly[N-(4-methoxyazobenzene- 4′-oxyalkyl)ethyleneimine](PEnZO), has been synthesised in which the number of methylene units in spacers varies from two to six. The structures of the synthesised monomers and polymers were confirmed by infrared (IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties of these polymers have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarising optical macroscopic (POM) X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The test results indicated that the obtained polymers exhibited thermotropic liquid-crystalline mesomorphism of nematic type with schlieren textures. It was observed that the thermal behaviours of the polymers were strongly dependent on the degree of substitution and the length of spacers. Polymers containing less than 57% of mesogenic groups did not exhibit mesogenic phase and resembled amorphous polymer. A more pronounced odd–even effect in the melting points and their enthalpy changes was observed on increasing the spacer length in which the odd members displayed lower values, which were also slightly dependent on the substitution degree of polymers. The mesomorphic temperature ranges of odd members were wider than those of even members. The decomposition temperatures of copolymers were near 230°C.