Abstract
In this work reduced few-layered graphene (rFLG) nanoparticles were synthesized using electrochemical pulse exfoliation method from waste graphite crucibles. The regular change in voltage polarity in the synthesis process ensures both the separation of graphite in layers and the reduction of graphene oxide. A method for synthesizing free-standing rFLG and nitrocellulose (NC) composite film has been developed involving creation of rFLG-NC ink that can be deposited on various substrates. It has been observed that a successful synthesis of a free-standing composite coating is possible with the mass ratio of rFLG:NC at least 9:1 of which resistivity is on the order of approximate 10 ohm-centimetres in dependence from temperature and surrounding atmosphere. Sensor electrode was prepared by simple dip-coating method and the response to humidity, organic solvent vapours and nitrogen containing gases was measured and conclusion made that rFLG-NC coating is sensitive to many kinds of gases (cross-sensitive) what may result in false detecting or can be used to multi-sensor chips for artificial olfaction devices.
Highlights
One of the biggest sources of energy at present day is through the fossil fuels
It has been observed that a successful synthesis of a freestanding composite coating is possible with the mass ratio of reduced few-layered graphene (rFLG):NC at least 9:1 of which resistivity is on the order of approximate 10 ohm-centimetres in dependence from temperature and surrounding atmosphere
Sensor electrode was prepared by simple dip-coating method and the response to humidity, organic solvent vapours and nitrogen containing gases was measured and conclusion made that rFLG-NC coating is sensitive to many kinds of gases what may result in false detecting or can be used to multi-sensor chips for artificial olfaction devices
Summary
One of the biggest sources of energy at present day is through the fossil fuels. Burning of which releases dangerous side products. For preparation of relatively large size graphene monolayers chemical vapour deposition is widely used but this method is difficult to scale to industrial levels [3]. Other than graphite exfoliation through oxidation of graphite [4] electrochemical exfoliation is a potential method for scalable synthesis of graphene sheet stacks [5,6]. For further applications variety of graphene-based materials are prepared ranging from thin gas permeable membranes [8] to three dimensional structures for energy storage [9]. Gas sensors are classified by their detection mechanism, one of which is the chemical reaction or adsorption taking place in the surface of a semiconductor (e.g. tin dioxide is widely used [13]) in result. Sensor response S in percentage is introduced to characterise this change of resistance and described elsewhere [14,15]
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