SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF SURFACTANTS BASED ON FAT ACIDS OF PALM OIL AND METHANOL

Abstract

A new product was obtained with the use of methyl alcohol and fatty acids of palm oil. The series of experimens were performed to reveal its composition and properties with the use of modern devices and methods. The results of IR-spectroscopy have approved the presence of specific functional groups: hydroxylic, ester, carboxylic and sulfonate ones. The results of studies have shown that the synthesized substance posesses the surfactant properties: wetting, foaming, detersive; and it has a relatively low surface energy. It belongs to the group of high-despersity and mono-dispersity systems and takes an intermediate position between micro- and nano-particles. It was shown, that the contact angle of the water solution of the surfactant under study equals to at least 90 degrees and practically does not depend on the nature of wetted surface (eather hydrophylic or hydrofobic). It was founded that the foam expansion ratio and its stability are high and lay in direct relation with the substance concentration. It was found that relating to the protein composition, the detergent power of the surfactant is higher (up to 90 %) than regarding to pigment-and-oil contamination. Measuring the values of surface tension by Willhelm plate-bearing method allowed defining the critical concentration of micelle formation of 4.0 g/dm3, at which the maximum wetting is achieved. It was found that the synthezised product have a low emulsifying power towards the motor, machine oil and animal fat. Besides, the highest stability of emulsion was observed towards the machine oil (at concentration of synthesized product of 2.0 g/dm3). The emulsion stability can be increased by making compositions including the non-ionogenic surfactants. Moreover, it was found that the product under study is characterized by the high aggregative stability, since the achieved values of zeta-potential are in the range of 30 mB< ζ < -30 mB. The developed product belongs to the anionic surfactants, with рН of water solution of 7-8. It has a good water solubility. According to results of the hydrophylic-and-lipophylic balance, the synthesyzed surfactant belongs to detergents.Forcitation:Lutfullina G.G., Guseva K.S., Grishin P.B., Khairutdinova R.I. Synthesis and study of properties of surfactants based on fat acids of palm oil and methanol. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 88-95