Abstract
Synthesis and Secretion of TNF-alpha, Interleukins (1-beta and 6) in Cocaine Users during Pregnancy in Humans: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Study
Highlights
It is estimated that 50 million people in the United States use cocaine on a regular basis and almost one million are women ranging in age from 18- 34 years (Das, 1994., Rizk et al, 1996,.)
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) RPMI 1640 medium (Whiteaker Biomedical Products, Whitaker, CA), Hank’ balanced salt solution, glutamine, HEPES, and the antibiotics penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco; LPS (Escherichia coli 26:B6) and dexamethasone were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St.Louis, MO) and cocaine was obtained from National Institute of Drug Abuse
When cocaine was added in the media together with LPS there was further increase in the level of TNFα by at least two and one half folds suggesting that cocaine caused increase in TNFα synthesis (p
Summary
It is estimated that 50 million people in the United States use cocaine on a regular basis and almost one million are women ranging in age from 18- 34 years (Das, 1994., Rizk et al, 1996,.). Animal data show that after in vivo administration of cocaine there was a decrease in lymphoid organ weights and the number of lymphocyte derived from these organs (Bagasra and Forman., 1989). Is associated with immune alterations in a wide variety of lymphocytes including natural killer cells (NK cells), helper T (Medina, et al, 1993) Pregnancy is accompanied by specific changes in the lymphoid tissue suggesting that pregnant animals are more susceptibility to the affects of cocaine and thereby to the developing fetus (Ou et al, 1989:Clark., et al 1994). Animal and human data clearly suggest that cocaine affects immune system (Watzel et al, 1992: Pacifica et al, 1993). We report in vitro and ex vivo effects of cocaine on www.ccsenet.org/gjhs
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