Abstract
The variety of graphite intercalation compounds (GIC) is provided by the possibility to obtain ternary intercalation (TGIC) compounds containing two or more intercalates. A wide range of metal chlorides (FeCl 3 , AlCl 3 , CuCl 2 , NiCl 2 ) and Brönsted acids (HNO 3 , CH 3 COOH, H 2 SO 4 ) are generally used as intercalates. Iron chloride intercalation into the graphite leads to the formation of binary GIC with composition C 6 n FeCl 3 . Iron chloride acts as intercalate and oxidizer for the graphite matrix. Oxidation ability is due to the evolving of chlorine gas. Intercalation of CuCl 2 requires harder conditions and occurs only with Cl 2 presence. Co-intercalation GICs with FeCl 3 and CH 3 COOH were synthesized by electrochemical graphite oxidation in the mixed electrolyte. Bi-intercalation GICs containing CuCl 2 and H 2 SO 4 were obtained by successive graphite intercalation with metal chloride and acid. All the synthesized compounds were investigated by physicochemical analysis. New ternary intercalation compounds with the FeCl 3 –CH 3 COOH mixture or CuCl 2 –H 2 SO 4 one were synthesized. The correlation between intercalation features and reagents intercalation ability was shown.
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