Abstract
In this study, ethylene glycol modified urea formaldehyde resin (EUF) was synthesized from urea, paraformaldehyde and ethylene glycol, and then incorporated into rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) as a reactive-type liquid flame retardant. The structure of EUF was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the thermal degradation properties and fire behaviors of RPUFs were characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry test and thermogravimetry analysis. The results show that the incorporation of EUF results in an increase in the thermal stability and LOI of RPUFs. As the EUF loading increases, the peak heat release rate, total smoke release and CO/CO2 weight ratio of RPUFs decrease significantly. This is because EUF can release non-flammable gases during the initial degradation of polyurethane foams and promote the formation of the compact char layer, which can serve as an effective shield against heat, oxygen and combustible volatiles during the combustion. However, EUF shows negative effect on the cell morphology and mechanical properties of RPUFs. In conclusion, EUF has excellent performance in flame retardancy and smoke suppression for RPUFs.
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