Abstract
Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpenoid obtained from the genera of Origanum, Thymus, Satureja, and Lippia. It is a hydrophobic phytoconstituent that readily tends to decay while processing leading to restricting its potential application. In the current study, zein/rhamnolipid (ZRL of 306 nm) complex nanoparticles were loaded with carvacrol successfully (CRZRL of 271 nm) to explore its antimicrobial activity and obtained the MIC value of 135 μg/ml and 270 μg/ml against P. syringae (bacterial canker) and F. oxysporum (Fusarium wilt) respectively. These complex nanoparticles were further characterized by DLS, FE-SEM, DSC, FT-IR, H1NMR, docking, and HPLC studies. The strong interaction of carvacrol with zein and rhamnolipid complex nanoparticles which showed characteristic peaks in FTIR as well as H1NMR were also supported by our docking studies. This strong interaction resulted in higher EE (95%) as well as LE (42%), confirmed by HPLC studies. Docking studies further revealed the presence of stronger Π-Π interaction within binding and active sites of zein through which rhamnolipid and carvacrol interact. The developed nano-formulation could be exploited for controlling different plant diseases and other foodborne pathogens.
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