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Abstract
A novel (E)-5-(2-(5-alkylthiothiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thien-2-yl (TVT)-comprising benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene (BDT) derivative (BDT-TVT) was designed and synthetized to compose two donor-acceptor (D-A) typed copolymers (PBDT-TVT-ID and PBDT-TVT-DTNT) with the electron-withdrawing unit isoindigo (ID) and naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole (NT), respectively. PBDT-TVT-ID and PBDT-TVT-DTNT showed good thermal stability (360 °C), an absorption spectrum from 300 nm to 760 nm and a relatively low lying energy level of Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO) (−5.36 to –5.45 eV), which could obtain a large open-circuit voltage (Voc) from photovoltaic devices with PBDT-TVT-ID or PBDT-TVT-DTNT. The photovoltaic devices with ITO/PFN/polymers: PC71BM/MoO3/Ag structure were assembled and exhibited a good photovoltaic performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.09% (PBDT-TVT-ID) and 5.44% (PBDT-TVT-DTNT), respectively. The best PCE of a PBDT-TVT-DTNT/PC71BM-based device mainly originated from its wider absorption, higher hole mobility and favorable photoactive layer morphology.
Highlights
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have laid special interest owing to promising qualities such as manual flexibility, being light weight, and having the potential of a large-area device prepared and developed with low-cost solution processing [1,2,3,4]
The average molecular weights of PBDT-TVT-ID and PBDT-TVT-DTNT were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a polystyrene standard in a tetrahydrofuran (THF)
PBDT-TVT-DTNT was obtained as greenish-black solid (1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3 ), 9.03, 8.14, 7.80−6.60 (m, ArH and CH2=CH2), 3.00−2.40 (t, CH2 directly δ, 9.03, 8.14, 7.80−6.60 (m, ArH and CH2 =CH2 ), 3.00−2.40 (t, CH2 directly linked to N and thiophene), 1.80−0.80 (m, CH2 and CH3) (Figure S9))
Summary
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have laid special interest owing to promising qualities such as manual flexibility, being light weight, and having the potential of a large-area device prepared and developed with low-cost solution processing [1,2,3,4]. TVT-based materials exhibited a large charge mobility due to the high planarity of the vinylidene (double bond) groups between the two thiophene units [24,25,26]. Chung et al found that the absorption characteristic, charge mobility, energy levels and photovoltaic performance of PBDTVT-DTTPD was affected by TVT side chain groups [29]. Thiadiazole (NT), a receptor structure comprised of two BT fused heterocycles, is one of the potential materials with a low band gap and high carrier mobility for solar cell receptor unit [33,34,35,36]. Because of the high π-extension structure of NT and the strong electron affinity of double heterocycles, the binding of NT and donor units to the main chain of the polymer leads to a smaller band gap (Eg ) and deeper. Compared to Chung et al, the device based on PBDB-TVT-DTNT obtained a small PCE but a larger Jsc (12.21 mA cm−2 ) [32]
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