Synthesis and neuroprotective effects of the complex nanoparticles of iron and sapogenin isolated from the defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera

Chuang Zhao,Qian Yang,Yong Ye,Jun Zhao

doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1245346

Chuang Zhao, Qian Yang + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1245346

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Journal: Pharmaceutical Biology	Publication Date: Dec 9, 2016
Citations: 12	License type: open-access

Affiliation: South China University of Technology

Abstract

Context: The defatted seeds of Camellia oleifera var. monosperma Hung T. Chang (Theaceae) are currently discarded without effective utilization. However, sapogenin has been isolated and shows antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities suggestive of its neuroprotective function.Objective: In order to improve the activities of sapogenin, the nanoparticles of iron–sapogenin have been synthesized, and the neuroprotective effects are evaluated.Materials and methods: Structural characters of the nanoparticles were analyzed, and the antioxidant effect was assessed by DPPH method, and the neuroprotective effect was evaluated by rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in Kunming mice injected subcutaneously into the back of neck with rotenone (50 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks and then treated by tail intravenous injection with the iron–sapogenin at the dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 7 days. Mice behaviour and neurotransmitters were tested.Results: The product had an average size of 162 nm with spherical shape, and scavenged more than 90% DPPH radicals at 0.8 mg/mL concentration. It decreased behavioural disorder and malondialdehyde content in mice brain, and increased superoxide dismutase activity, tyrosine hydroxylase expression, dopamine and acetylcholine levels in brain in dose dependence, and their maximum changes were respectively up to 60.83%, 25.17%, 22.13%, 105.26%, 42.17% and 22.89% as compared to vehicle group. Iron–sapogenin nanoparticle shows significantly better effects than the sapogenin.Discussion and conclusion: Iron–sapogenin alleviates neurodegeneration of mice injured by neurotoxicity of rotenone, it is a superior candidate of drugs for neuroprotection.

Highlights

Neurodegeneration is a late-onset, progressive cognition and motor disease marked by neuronal loss or death with uncertain mechanism (Jabir et al 2014)
Materials and methods: Structural characters of the nanoparticles were analyzed, and the antioxidant effect was assessed by DPPH method, and the neuroprotective effect was evaluated by rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in Kunming mice injected subcutaneously into the back of neck with rotenone (50 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks and treated by tail intravenous injection with the iron–sapogenin at the dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 7 days
The product had an average size of 162 nm with spherical shape, and scavenged more than 90% DPPH radicals at 0.8 mg/mL concentration

Summary

Introduction

Neurodegeneration is a late-onset, progressive cognition and motor disease marked by neuronal loss or death with uncertain mechanism (Jabir et al 2014). There is no perfect treatment for those diseases, and traditional treatment strategy is L-dopa replacement therapy for PD (Fernandez 2015), and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for AD (Kumar & Singh 2015). Long-term chemical treatment leads to efficacy reduction and severe adverse effects, lowering the quality of patients’ lives (Duty 2010). Medication therapy has changed from direct chemical treatment to multilevel therapy, aiming at reliving the symptoms and impeding the progression of the disease at the same time (Venigalla et al 2015). Natural medicines play an important role in prevention and therapy of neurodegeneration (Zhao 2009)

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