Abstract
Nanocomposites based on Cu-doped nickel zinc ferrite and lead zirconium titanate exhibited significant microwave absorbing properties in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) region. Coprecipitation and homogeneous precipitation methods were utilized to synthesize Cu-doped nickel zinc ferrite (Cu0.2Ni0.4Zn0.4Fe2O4) and lead zirconium titanate (Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3) nanoparticles, respectively. To develop nanocomposites, dispersion of these nanoparticles into epoxy resin (LY665) polymeric matrix was carried out by using mechanical stirrer. Phase analyses of the nanoparticles were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Moreover, morphological characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the chemical constituents present in the nanocomposites. Complex relative permittivity and complex relative permeability values of the nanocomposites were measured in different microwave frequencies in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) region by employing vector network analyzer (model PNA E8364B), and return loss (dB) values were calculated to identify the microwave absorbing performance of the present nanocomposites. Brilliant microwave absorbing properties have been achieved by the nanocomposites with the minimum return loss of −49.53 dB at 8.44 GHz when sample thickness was 3 mm. For the present nanocomposites, mainly dielectric loss was responsible for loss mechanism.
Highlights
In recent decades, low-cost, light weight microwave absorbing materials in the gigahertz frequency range have attracted in both commercial and military purposes. e microwave absorbing materials are employed to reduce the electromagnetic re ection from metal plates such as air cra s, tanks, ships, and electronic equipments [1,2,3,4]. ese classes of materials are very interesting because of their unique absorbing properties of microwave energy and used in different applications like reduction of radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) cross-sectional area, television image interference of high rise building, microwave dark-room, shielding of electromagnetic interference [5,6,7], and so forth
In the present research work, we focused on the development of radar absorbing materials mainly for military purposes
35e.6m1∘a,in37p.e2a2k∘,of4C3.u305.2∘,N5i03.4.7Z2n∘0, .45F7e.22O2∘4, 62.77∘, 71.24∘, 74.16∘, and 75.18∘ revealing typical spinel structure [20]. 21.90∘, 31.10∘, 3 8.6e7m∘,a4i4n.6p5e∘a,k50o.f4P9b∘,(5Z5r.04.562∘T, i506.4.83)3O∘ 3anisda6t52.θ5θ3θ∘. Determining it is tetragonal perovskite structure (JCPDS PDF no. 01-070-4060) and the peaks at 2θθ θθθθθθ∘, 34.98∘, and 60.06∘ originate due to ZrO2 which is formed during the formation of PZT [21]. e other peaks of ZrO2 are merged with the peaks of lead zirconium titanate
Summary
Low-cost, light weight microwave absorbing materials in the gigahertz frequency range have attracted in both commercial and military purposes. e microwave absorbing materials are employed to reduce the electromagnetic re ection from metal plates such as air cra s, tanks, ships, and electronic equipments [1,2,3,4]. ese classes of materials are very interesting because of their unique absorbing properties of microwave energy and used in different applications like reduction of radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) cross-sectional area, television image interference of high rise building, microwave dark-room, shielding of electromagnetic interference [5,6,7], and so forth. Zz0)|], where zzin = zz0(μμrr/εεrr) tanh[(−jjjjjjjjjj√εεrrμμrr)fffff is the characteristic input impedance of absorber, ZZ0 is the free space impedance, f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave, d is the thickness of absorber, and cc is the velocity of light. Characteristic input impedance depends on permittivity, permeability, operating frequency, and thickness of the absorbers. At a particular operating frequency, permittivity and permeability values of an absorber are the same but at different sample thickness, the absorber exhibited different absorbing properties. The absorber showed maximum return loss; that is, impedance matching occurred at one particular sample thickness. It is a well-known fact that permeability values are less important at higher frequency in the GHz range due to Snoek’s limit [16]. In case of the present absorbers, the microwave power absorption occurs mainly due to dielectric loss
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