Abstract
Gadolinium-substituted magnesium–zinc ferrite (MgxZn1−xGdyFe2−yO4) nanoparticles with different metal compositions for x between 0 and 1 and y between 0 and 0.06 were synthesized via coprecipitation of metal hydroxides, followed by calcination. Their crystal structure was characterized via X-ray diffraction analysis, confirming that the Gd-substituted Mg–Zn ferrite samples had a single-phase spinel structure. The metal composition significantly affected the crystal structure, including the lattice parameters and crystallite size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the ferrite samples had a diameter of approximately 50–200 nm. Furthermore, the temperature rise in an alternating magnetic field was measured, and the magnetic induction heating properties were evaluated using the specific absorption rate (SAR) determined from the temperature profile. The SAR significantly varied depending on the compositions of x and y. When x = 0.5 and y = 0.02, the SAR was found to be at maximum. This reveals that the compositions can control the magnetic induction heating properties. The results suggest that Gd-substituted Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticles are promising candidates for magnetic hyperthermia applications.
Highlights
The results suggest that Gd-substituted Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticles are promising candidates for magnetic hyperthermia applications
The samples were confirmed to have a single-phase spinel structure except for the Zn ferrite (ZnGd0.06Fe1.94O4) and Mg ferrite (MgGdyFe2-yO4; y = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) samples containing gadolinium orthoferrite (GdFeO3) as the by-product. This result demonstrates that our synthesis method can provide Gd-substituted Mg–Zn ferrites, whereas Fe3? ion in Zn ferrites and Mg ferrites is difficult to replace with Gd3? ions
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, which are widely used as the heating mediator with excellent induction heating properties, can exhibit the maximum heat dissipation under certain magnetic field conditions when the particle diameter is approximately 12 nm; a slight variation of the particle diameter can cause a drastic decrease of the heat dissipation (Jeyadevan 2010)
Summary
Magnesium–zinc (Mg–Zn) ferrites (MgxZn1-xFe2O4, 0 \ x \ 1) are well known as a soft magnetic material with good properties, such as electrical resistivity (Ali et al 2017; Mansour and Abdo 2017; Sharma et al 2016), low eddy current loss at high frequencies (Mansour and Abdo 2017; Sharma et al 2016), and induction heating properties in an alternating (AC) magnetic field (El-Sayed et al 2017; Reyes-Rodrıguez et al 2017), and they are widely used in various industrial products, e.g., power transformers (Choodamani et al 2016; Sharma et al 2016), microwave devices (Choodamani et al 2016; Ghodake et al 2017; Sharma et al 2016), and telecommunications equipment (Choodamani et al 2016; Ghodake et al 2017). This reveals that the compositions can control the magnetic induction heating properties. The results suggest that Gd-substituted Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticles are promising candidates for magnetic hyperthermia applications.
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