Abstract
Phenacoccus solenopsis is an aggressively invasive species on cotton plants in several countries. Hence, the pesticidal effect of copper nanoparticles synthesized from leaf extract of Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC and Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) against P. solenopsis was investigated. The results showed that the Cu-nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) obtained from P. juliflora and P. sericea averaged 33.8 and 68.10 nm, respectively. The high stability for both synthetized Cu-NPs was indicated for their zeta potential (-69.7 mV for P. juliflora and -53.9 mV for P. sericea). Both nanoparticles showed significant toxicity to P. solenopsis after 96 hours. Mortality rates of P. solenopsis were 14 and 20% when exposed to Cu-NPs extracted from P. sericea and P. juliflora, respectively. Tests in copper solution showed an insignificant mortality of P. solenopsis. Viability tests for Cu-NPs from P. sericea and P. juliflora indicated a significant reduction of cell viability by 30 and 38% respectively
Highlights
Phenacoccus solenopsis is an aggressively invasive species on cotton plants in several countries
The average hydrodynamic size of the Cu-NPs showed that those obtained from P. juliflora were polydisperse mixtures with an average mean size of 33.8 nm (Fig. 2a) and, in contrast, the average size of the synthesized Cu-NPs using P. sericea leaf extract was around 68.10 nm (Fig. 2b)
Bioreduction studies in other plants have reported the participation of carbonyl, phenolic, aromatic and carboxylate groups involved in the stabilization of nanoparticles (Kah, 2015; Chung et al, 2016). different metabolites in Cu-NPs synthesis from P. juliflora the bioreduction and capping of Cu ion into and P. sericea will be needed to reveal the exact Cu nanoparticles might be due to phenols, flavonoids mechanism of nanoparticles formation. and proteins according to FTIR analysis
Summary
Solution of CuSO4 in 100 mL erlenmeyer flask and heated at 40 °C for 30 min. The bio-reduction process of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley USA (Wu et al, 2014) This pest is a polyphagous Previous to the addition of CuSO4 the solutions were insect with a wide geographical distribution worldwide yellow and after 30 min of reaction they were both brown (Vennila et al, 2010). Phenacoccus Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and laser Doppler solenopsis has been recognized as an aggressively velocimetry (LDV) were used for characterization of size invasive species on both agricultural and ornamental and zeta potential of copper-phytonanoparticles in plants in Brazil, China, Pakistan, and India
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