Abstract
This overall process deals with evaluating the performance of silver nanoparticles, synthesized from sodium caseinate (SC) as green biological active agent, in comparison with widely produced from carboxymethyl cellulose, other carbohydrates (oxidized nanocellulose fibres (OC) and starch (St)). The TGA, FTIR and TEM, as well as its antimicrobial activities toward pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in addition to the yeast strain Candida albicans NRRL Y-477 were examined. In addition, with regard to their anti-tumour activity, the evaluation was studied via many cancer cell lines against RPE1 (normal retina cell line). The results revealed that the SC–Ag(I) and CMC–Ag(I) complexes were formed in six- and five-membered chelate rings, respectively, as nanoparticles, while linear chelation structure was formed in case of OC–Ag(I) and St–Ag(I) complexes. The complexation of SC with Ag(I) ions was recommended as promising stable and antimicrobial agent, with lower free Ag(I) ions and particle size than other Ag-complexes. Moreover, it provided anti-tumour activity of most tested cell lines (in vitro), with the following sequence HCT116 > PC3 > HePG 2 > MCF-7 > A549 with IC50 and IC90 values of 25.8 and 54.73 µg ml−1, 45.1 and 66.7 µg ml−1, 64.3 and 110.7 µgml−1, 71.4 and 114.8 µgml−1 and 80.1 and 127.7 µgml−1, respectively. The promising effect of SC–Ag complex was also clear from its selective index versus RPE1 (normal retina cell line).
Highlights
Biopolymers are regarded as important natural materials used in many applications, such as functional paper, metal adsorbents and HCHO-free adhesives, as well as hydrogels for reclamation of sandy-calcareous soils, and medical applications for drug delivery systems [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
Synthesizing of green silver nanoparticles gained the attention by many researchers due to its biological activity, due to its ability to anchor the microorganism cell wall, followed by penetrating, damaging of intracellular structures and biomolecules
The changes in the structure of protein- and carbohydrate-based biopolymers due to chelation with Ag(I) ions together with specifying which functional groups are able to share as chelating sides were studied via FTIR-spectra and are illustrated in figure 1
Summary
Biopolymers are regarded as important natural materials used in many applications, such as functional paper, metal adsorbents and HCHO-free adhesives, as well as hydrogels for reclamation of sandy-calcareous soils, and medical applications for drug delivery systems [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Functional groups included biopolymers such as, carboxylate and amino groups that promote their complexation with metal ions for the use of semiconductors, magnetic and durable paper sheets. They are used in medical applications as modern therapeutic, diagnostic and radiopharmaceutical agents, antimicrobial agents, anti-ulcer treatments, anti-arthritic agents, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, and as radiopharmaceutical agents [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Synthesizing of green silver nanoparticles gained the attention by many researchers due to its biological activity, due to its ability to anchor the microorganism cell wall, followed by penetrating, damaging of intracellular structures and biomolecules ( protein, lipids and DNA). A green synthesis of AgNPs from plant extracts and its antimicrobial mechanisms were studied in detail by Oves et al [21,22,23] and Durán et al [24]
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