Synthesis and evaluation of potent human immunodeficiency virus 1 protease inhibitors with epimeric isopropanol as novel P1' ligands.

Abstract

Aim: HIV-1 protease inhibitors regimens suffered from a number of drawbacks, among which, the most egregious issue was the growing emergence of drug-resistant strains. Materials & methods: The design strategy of maximizing the protease active site interactions with the inhibitor, especially promoting extensive hydrogen bonding with the protein backbone atoms, might be in favor of combating drug resistance. A series of HIV-1 protease inhibitors that incorporated enantiomeric isopropanols as the P1' ligands in combination with phenols as the P2 ligands were reported herein. Results: A number of inhibitors displayed potent protease enzyme inhibition activity. In particular, inhibitor 14c showed comparable potency as darunavir with IC50 value of 1.91nM and activity against darunavir-resistant HIV-1 variants. Conclusion: The new kind of HIV-1 protease inhibitors deserves further study.