Abstract
To facilitate intracellular delivery of hydrophilic drugs, a general lipophilic carrier molecule was designed and synthesized. The carrier comprised a chemiluminescent-photochromic conjugate that potentiates diffusion across cell membranes to enhance intracellular uptake of the drug. The designed mechanism involves activation of the chemiluminescent moiety by intracellular oxygen free radicals and intermolecular energy transfer of the excited state energy to the photochromic moiety to result in release of the drug to allow the desired pharmacological effect to occur. Prodrugs of foscarnet and dideoxycytidine with several carriers caused suppression of a human immunodeficiency virus infection in human cultured macrophages that was up to five times more effective than the drug alone. Successful in vivo efficacy testing of prodrug has been accomplished by demonstrating the suppression of a retroviral infection of Friend leukemia virus in mice. Acute toxicity studies of the carrier indicated that it was nontoxic. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 93:1320–1336, 2004
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