Synthesis and evaluation of Fe3O4–Al2O3/SDS–DMG adsorbent for extraction and preconcentration of Pd(II) from real samples

Abstract

In this study, a simple and reliable solid-phase extraction method for the extraction and preconcentration of palladium by using dimethylglyoxime and sodium dodecyl sulfateon on self-assembled magnetic alumina nanoparticles is presented. The optimization of the adsorption process is performed under various levels of variables including pH, temperature, sample volume, concentration and adsorbent dosage. Then, the related charts and tables are presented. To study responses, adsorption, desorption conditions, surface area and the size of adsorbent pores are analyzed. Moreover, magnetic properties of the adsorbent are investigated in different manufacturing stages. To justify results and confirm the accuracy, XRD, VSM, FT-IR, FESEM, EDX and BET analyses are carried out, and corresponding equations and graphs are presented. It is found that under the optimized conditions, the detection limit and relative standard deviation are 0.06 µg l−1 and 1.9%, respectively. Additionally, the maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized Fe3O4–Al2O3/SDS–DMG for adsorbing palladium ions is 365 mg g−1. Based on results obtained in this research, it is proved that the proposed method is potentially applicable to determine Pd+2 at the trace values in real samples such as tap water and catalysts.