Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the synthesis and electrochemical properties of Ti 2 wt %-Si alloys prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) and heat treatment. The MA process was performed under Ar atmosphere. The structural, morphological, and compositional evolutions during the milling and subsequent heat treatment were investigated by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical behavior was evaluated by open circuit potential and linear sweep voltammetry measurements. The results showed that the MA process promotes the formation of a supersaturated α-Ti-Si solid solution. During heat treatment, the Si remaining in the mechanically alloyed powders and the Si from the α-Ti-Si supersaturated solid solution reacted with Ti to form Ti-Si intermetallic compounds. These compounds have a fine and homogeneous distribution in the α-Ti matrix, which cannot be achieved by conventional casting methods. Additionally, the electrochemical evaluations revealed that the mechanically alloyed and heat-treated Ti 2 wt %-Si powders have better corrosion resistance in 1.63 M H2SO4 than the pure Ti and MA Ti-Si samples. This is likely due to the particular microstructure produced during the milling and subsequent heat treatment.
Highlights
A rolled Pb-Ca-Sn alloy (0.07 wt % Ca and 1.35 wt % Sn) is the preferred anode composition forCu electrowinning because of its low cost and relatively good corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid [1].The normal working life of this anode ranges from 4 to 5 years [2].On the other hand, dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) are characterized by a conducting substrate coated with an active layer (RuO2, IrO2, Ta2 O5, TiO2, etc.), which catalyzes specific electrochemical reactions
It can be observed that, in the initial stage of milling (Figure 1b), the powders consist of flat agglomerates produced because of the ductile nature of Ti, which is plastically deformed
Between 3 and 5 h of milling, a significant decrease in agglomerate sizes is observed (Figure 1a). This is due to the fracture of hardened powder resulting from the high plastic deformation accumulated during milling [31]
Summary
A rolled Pb-Ca-Sn alloy (0.07 wt % Ca and 1.35 wt % Sn) is the preferred anode composition forCu electrowinning because of its low cost and relatively good corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid [1].The normal working life of this anode ranges from 4 to 5 years [2].On the other hand, dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) are characterized by a conducting substrate (usually Ti) coated with an active layer (RuO2 , IrO2 , Ta2 O5 , TiO2 , etc.), which catalyzes specific electrochemical reactions. A rolled Pb-Ca-Sn alloy (0.07 wt % Ca and 1.35 wt % Sn) is the preferred anode composition for. Cu electrowinning because of its low cost and relatively good corrosion resistance in sulfuric acid [1]. The normal working life of this anode ranges from 4 to 5 years [2]. Dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) are characterized by a conducting substrate (usually Ti) coated with an active layer (RuO2 , IrO2 , Ta2 O5 , TiO2 , etc.), which catalyzes specific electrochemical reactions. Beer in the 1960s for the chlorine industry. The original DSA consisted of a Ti substrate with RuO2 -TiO2 coating [3]
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