Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Study of Magnetite Nanoparticles Coated with Polyethylene Glycol and Sorafenib-Zinc/Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxide.

Mona Ebadi,Mohd Zobir Hussein,Saifullah Bullo,Kalaivani Buskaran,Giorgia Pastorin,Sharida Fakurazi

doi:10.3390/polym12112716

Abstract

In the last two decades, the development of novel approaches for cancer treatment has attracted intense attention due to the growing number of patients and the inefficiency of the available current conventional treatments. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method in an alkaline medium. Then the nanoparticles were chemically modified by coating them with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sorafenib (SO)–zinc/aluminum layered double hydroxide (ZLDH) to improve their biocompatibility. The SPIONs and their coated and drug-loaded nanoparticles, M-PEG–SO–ZLDH are of the crystalline phase with the presence of C, O, Al, Fe, Cl, Zn in the latter, indicating the presence of the coating layers on the surface of the SPIONs. The superparamagnetic properties of the bare SPIONs were found to be reduced but retained in its coated drug delivery nanoparticles, M-PEG–SO–ZLDH. The latter has an average particle size of 16 nm and the release of the drug from it was found to be governed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility evaluation of the drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles using 3T3 and HepG2 cells using the diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays shows that the synthesized nanoparticles were less toxic than the pure drug. This preliminary study indicates that the prepared nanoparticles are suitable to be used for the drug delivery system.

Highlights

IntroductionCancer therapy is one of the main challenges in the development of medical science for cancer treatment [1]
Cancer is a lethal disease that endangers human life and many people are suffering from it.Cancer therapy is one of the main challenges in the development of medical science for cancer treatment [1]
Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) reference no. 85–1436 [41]. The position of these reflections indicated that the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were of single phase and confirmed the inverse spinel structure with a chemical formula of Fe3 O4

Summary

Introduction

Cancer therapy is one of the main challenges in the development of medical science for cancer treatment [1]. Since the conventional methods in cancer therapy, such as surgery and radiotherapy, are not effective in the treatment of some cancers, chemotherapy can be considered a good approach for Polymers 2020, 12, 2716; doi:10.3390/polym12112716 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymers. Sorafenib is an important anti-liver cancer drug. Its clinical efficiency is limited due to drug and cell resistivity [3,4]. Various methods have been studied to reduce side effects and improve the efficiency of chemotherapy. The application of nanotechnology in medical therapeutics to identify and treat diseases such as cancer is promising, and this area of research is often referred to as nanomedicine [5,6]

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Results

Conclusion