Synthesis and crystallinity integration of copper nanoparticles by reaction medium

Abstract

High crystallinity copper nanoparticles are synthesized by a novel simple route at low temperatures under a measurable condition of altering the medium of the reaction. The effect of altering the reaction medium on reducing the surface energy of precursors to form high crystalline copper nanoparticles from their sulphate precursors due to facilities for the capping of nanoparticles is studied in this manuscript. In this observation, copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) precursors follow a reduction in the presence of ascorbic acid (reducer) and their crystallinity gradually changes up to 100 % while the CSP medium is water (X), methanol (Y) and water-methanol azeotropic mixture (Z), respectively. XRD identified a pure 100 % metallic copper crystalline phase presence in Y. Exhaustive lattice parameters, peak profiling, lattice constant etc. analysis of the conformation. TGA data ensures the oxidation initiation of pure Cu to CuO at an initial 30 °C, while the calculated activation energy is 27.93 KJ/mol of Y. An outstanding approach in XRD as well as TEM shows that the average size of the particle close to 16 to 78 nm depends on the solvent medium. Furthermore, TEM-couple SAED parallelly proves this consists of miller indices (111), (200) and (220) in X, Y but Z in a single crystal of metallic copper phase for the phenomenon of parallel line diffraction. TEM shows the internal spherical shape of the nanoparticles varies from the medium with the regular arrangement in a uniform distribution that consists of very low agglomeration. EDS confirms highly purified copper nanomaterials in Y is 83 % among the X and Z. The operating process could be applied to synthesize and integrate the crystallinity, particle size and crystal shape of different metallic nanoparticles by alternating the reaction medium.