Abstract
Safe storage of nitrocellulose-based propellants has become challenging due to their requirements of extreme storage and operational environments. Thus, developing new high-performance stabilizers is urgently needed to improve the stability of propellants. With their excellent thermal stability and strong ability to clear free radicals, fullerene stabilizers for nitrocellulose-based propellants were synthesized using the Prato reaction. Their molecular structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their compatibility and stability in nitrocellulose were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, methyl-violet, vacuum stability, and weight loss tests. Results indicated that the new fullerene stabilizers had excellent compatibility with nitrocellulose and their stability were better than the conventional stabilizers C2 and DPA. Moreover, their stability mechanism was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis. The results turned out that new fullerene stabilizers could absorb nitrogen oxides and effectively eliminate the nitroxyl radicals released from nitrocellulose decomposition. Therefore, these new multifunctional fullerene derivatives can be used as novel stabilizers and apply to single and double base propellants.
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