Abstract
Phosphate and nitrate ions are emerging trace pollutants and have been perceived in groundwater, surface water, and water sources. In the present work, a layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of the binary composite Zn–Al LDHs wrapped into activated carbon (Banana bract) (BBAC@Zn–Al LDHs) composite was synthesized via co-precipitation method. The prepared adsorbent was evaluated for the removal performance of phosphate and nitrate ions from aqueous medium. The fabricated composite was examined by SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA-DSC, EDAX with mapping images and BET techniques. The effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, shaking time, temperature and co-ions on phosphate and nitrate adsorption have been investigated. Kinetics of the adsorption process was studied using diffusion and reaction-based kinetic models. The equilibrium isotherm study was performed by Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Langmuir isotherm models. BBAC@Zn–Al LDHs composite showed good reusability and stability until the five cycles but remained inactive after the seven cycles. The BBAC@Zn–Al LDHs composite and anions interacted via the following possible mechanisms: electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, and ion exchange. This study paved the new route for designing a novel LDHs wrapped porous carbon adsorbent and exposed that as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent to control the phosphate and nitrate pollution in water.
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