Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc and Vanadium Co-Substituted CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Using the Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Method.

Parvin Imanipour,Amir Seifoddini,Saeed Hasani,Marcin Nabiałek

doi:10.3390/nano12050752

Parvin Imanipour, Amir Seifoddini + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12050752

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Abstract

In recent years, cobalt ferrite has attracted considerable attention due to its unique physical properties. The present study aimed to produce cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles doped with zinc and vanadium using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. For this purpose, Co1−xZnxFe2−yVyO4 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and y = 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) precursors were calcined at 800 °C for 3 h. The prepared samples were characterized with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method in combination with Rietveld structure refinement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometery (VSM). The XRD patterns confirmed the formation of crystalline spinel structure for all samples. However, the diffraction peaks of hematite and iron vanadium oxide phases were observed in the patterns of some doped samples. The average crystallite size for all the synthesized samples was found to be in the range of ~45–24 nm, implying that it decreased by simultaneously doping cobalt ferrite with Zn and V. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the formation of the spinal structure of ferrite through the observed vibrational bands assigned to the tetrahedral (υ2) and octahedral (υ1) interstitial complexes in the spinel structure. The FE-SEM images showed that morphology, average grain size, and agglomeration of the synthesized powders were affected by doping, which was due to the interactions of the magnetic surface of nanoparticles. The VSM curves demonstrated that saturation magnetization and coercivity values changed in the range of 30–83 emu/g and from 27–913 Oe, respectively. These changes occurred due to the alteration in cation distribution in the spinel structure. This can be attributed to the change in superexchange interactions between magnetic ions by co-substitution of Zn and V ions in Cobalt ferrite and the changes in magnetocrystalline anisotropy.

Highlights

Pure cobalt ferrite and its substituted compounds have attracted the considerable attention of numerous researchers in recent decades due to the reliable saturation magnetization (Ms ) [14], moderate magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K) [15,16], high coercivity (Hc ) [17], high Curie temperature (Tc ) [18], and thermal stability [19,20]
It is obvious that the evaporation of water molecules, decomposition process, and formation of spinel ferrite could be completed below 800 ◦ C, which is in agreement with reported by literature [43,47]
The effect of zinc and vanadium doping on the microstructure, and structural and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite synthesized by modified sol-gel method was investigated

Summary

Introduction

The synthesis of nanostructured spinel ferrites with the general formula MFe2 O4 (where M = Co, Ni, Mg, Mn, etc.) has been investigated in order to improve their unique properties such as magneto-optical properties [1,2,3], catalytic properties [4,5], electrical resistivity [6], magneto-resistivity [7], biocompatibility [8,9,10], porosity [11], etc. Pure cobalt ferrite and its substituted compounds have attracted the considerable attention of numerous researchers in recent decades due to the reliable saturation magnetization (Ms ) [14], moderate magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K) [15,16], high coercivity (Hc ) [17], high Curie temperature (Tc ) [18], and thermal stability [19,20]. It is accepted that the chemical, electrical, and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles iations.

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