Abstract
Zinc oxide and vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles derived by chemical coprecipitation route were used to cast Zn0.96V0.04O thick film by screen printing method. The structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the film were characterized by powder XRD, SEM, Raman, UV-VIS, and DC conductivity techniques. XRD pattern, SEM image, and Raman spectrum of the film confirm the single phase formation of Wurtzite structure with preferential orientation along [101] plane, minor variation in lattice parameters, and vanadium ions substitution at zinc sites. Zn0.96V0.04O pellet has been used for sensing ammonia vapor concentrations in 20–50°C temperature range which exhibits maximum responsiveness and sensitivity at 30°C. The minor variations in resistance are observed with ammonia vapor concentration. The adsorption of ammonia vapors through weak hydrogen bonding and its insertion into lattice by nitrogen lone pairs donation at vacant/defect sites in lattice caused by vanadium doping are considered to explain gas sensing mechanism.
Highlights
The metal oxide semiconductors have been extensively explored by researchers in pure and doped form
The stability of Zinc oxide (ZnO) film has been found to be an alternative substitute to tin oxide and indium tin oxide films whose electrical and optical properties degrade at high temperatures
This micrograph showed that this small concentration of V2+ ions doping in ZnO lattice causes growth of large sized grains which results in porous surface
Summary
The metal oxide semiconductors have been extensively explored by researchers in pure and doped form. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a multifunctional material with wide band gap (3.37 ev), n-type hexagonal structured, high electron mobility, large piezoelectric constants, high nonlinear optical coefficients, radiation hardness, biocompatibility, and large 60 meV exciton binding energy characteristics. It is suitable for small wavelength optoelectronic devices. The thick films were cast from prepared ZnO and V2O5 nanoparticles in 96 wt.% : 4 wt.% ratio, respectively, to cast Zn0.96V0.04O thick films by screen printing method, and characterized for their structural, morphological, and optical properties This film is tested for ammonia vapor sensor application at different operating temperature and ammonia concentration. Its toxic vapor causes many health issues and even death on long exposure
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