Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrapure HKUST‐1 MOFs as Reusable Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Green Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives

Abstract

AbstractHerein, an ultrapure HKUST‐1 MOFs synthesized through a precise methodology as a heterogeneous catalyst for a green approach to the synthesis of tetrazole derivatives via two‐, three‐, and four‐component reactions in milder reaction conditions, is presented. Various preparation methods to produce HKUST‐1 such as microwave irradiation, reflux, hydrothermal technique, and ultrasonication have been precisely compared and it has been proven that the best result is obtained during the hydrothermal technique. This is the first design, preparation, characterization, and application in the present of HKUST‐1 MOFs to the synthesis of the biologically and pharmaceutically important tetrazole compounds in green conditions. Moreover, plausible mechanisms of reactions have also been suggested for the catalytic activity of the presented catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by various techniques such as FT‐IR, SEM, EDX, and XRD. Additionally, HKUST‐1 is recoverable as well as reusable without any significant loss of its activity, which strongly supports the heterogeneous nature of the catalyyst. This novel catalysis protocol offers several advantages such as eco‐friendly conditions, lower reaction time, milder reaction conditions, excellent catalytic activity and an easy separation of the catalyst make it a good heterogeneous system.