Abstract
The aim of this manuscript was the optimization of the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) with conditions that could be easily reproducible at the industrial level. Several procedures were tested and those with C12H28O4Ti and CO(NH2)2 as precursors seemed the most promising and, consequently, were improved with different molar ratios, lower temperatures and the addition of NH4Cl as a secondary dopant of nitrogen. The obtained samples were studied with analytical techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). To complete the study, dye degradation and bacteriological tests were also performed. The results indicate that it is possible to obtain TiO2 NPs at lower temperatures with respect to those used in the literature; the best candidate that could satisfy all the requirements was a sample with a molar ratio of C12H28O4Ti:CO(NH2)2 at 2:1 and obtained at 50 °C.
Highlights
Nanotechnologies are a set of methods and techniques for the treatment of matter and aimed at obtaining materials with novel functionalities and improved characteristics
Nanoparticles play a special role in a wide range of applications and, in particular, there are a large number of studies related to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) [1,2,3]
Numerous studies have reported the properties of titanium dioxide and its use for the degradation of substances in an aqueous solution and the reduction of inorganic ions [9,10], and TiO2 has been considered the most widely used oxide in photocatalysis
Summary
Nanotechnologies are a set of methods and techniques for the treatment of matter and aimed at obtaining materials with novel functionalities and improved characteristics. Nanoparticles play a special role in a wide range of applications and, in particular, there are a large number of studies related to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) [1,2,3]. The TiO2 NPs studied and synthesized since the twentieth century have been involved in large-scale production, thanks to several uses (sunscreen, paints, toothpastes, and so on). Numerous studies have reported the properties of titanium dioxide and its use for the degradation of substances in an aqueous solution and the reduction of inorganic ions [9,10], and TiO2 has been considered the most widely used oxide in photocatalysis. ZnO and α-Fe2 O3 can be used as photocatalysts; α-Fe2 O3 absorbs visible light, but with lower photocatalytic activity than that of
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