Abstract
Controllable pesticide release in response to environmental stimuli is highly desirable for better efficacy and fewer adverse effects. Combining the merits of natural and synthetic polymers, pH and temperature dual-responsive chitosan copolymer (CS-g-PDMAEMA) was facilely prepared through free radical graft copolymerization with 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methacrylate (DMAEMA) as the vinyl monomer. An emulsion chemical cross-linking method was used to expediently fabricate pyraclostrobin microcapsules in situ entrapping the pesticide. The loading content and encapsulation efficiency were 18.79% and 64.51%, respectively. The pyraclostrobin-loaded microcapsules showed pH-and thermo responsive release. Microcapsulation can address the inherent limitation of pyraclostrobin that is photo unstable and highly toxic on aquatic organisms. Compared to free pyraclostrobin, microcapsulation could dramatically improve its photostability under ultraviolet light irradiation. Lower acute toxicity against zebra fish on the first day and gradually similar toxicity over time with that of pyraclostrobin technical concentrate were in accordance with the release profiles of pyraclostrobin microcapsules. This stimuli-responsive pesticide delivery system may find promising application potential in sustainable plant protection.
Highlights
Pesticides are widely used to improve the production of major crops to meet the global food demand of the escalating population and ensure sustainable development of agriculture
Due to the excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, pH- and thermo sensitivities of PDMAEMA copolymers, DMAEMA monomer was used for graft copolymerization sensitivities of PDMAEMA copolymers, DMAEMA monomer was used for graft copolymerization of CS initiated by KPS
Medium in comparison with that in the basic and neutral solution, which is directly proportional to. These results clearly demonstrated that the cumulative release of pyraclostrobin was higher in acidic the swelling ratio of the copolymers [38]
Summary
Pesticides are widely used to improve the production of major crops to meet the global food demand of the escalating population and ensure sustainable development of agriculture. Due to environmental conditions and mode of application, conventional pesticide formulations created a series of serious human health problems and global environmental contamination [1]. Controlled-release formulation (CRF) has been a topical subject of research in recent years, which has been widely applied in pesticides worldwide [2]. The performance of CRF on controlling the release profile of pesticide is closely related to the carrier materials [7,8]. To this point, the selection of materials used as carrier agents in pesticide formulations is
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