Abstract
This study involves the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and describes the preparation and characterization of polymer coatings based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) and modified with bovine serum albumin and hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite was obtained by wet chemical synthesis and characterized by X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy, and its Ca/P molar ratio was determined (1.69 ± 0.08). The ceramic and bovine serum albumin were used in the preparation of composite materials with the polymeric matrix. The chemical composition of coatings was characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, and their morphology was recorded with SEM imaging. Moreover, the measurements of surface roughness parameters and stereometric research were performed. The prepared coatings were subjected to in vitro studies in simulated body fluid and artificial saliva. Changes in chemical composition and morphology after immersion were examined with FTIR spectroscopy and SEM imaging. Based on the conducted research, it can be stated that applied modifiers promote the biomineralization process. The roughness analysis confirmed prepared materials were characterized by the micrometer-scale topography. The materials morphology and roughness, and the morphology of the newly formed apatite deposit, were dependent on the type of the used modifier, and the artificial fluid used in in vitro studies.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are materials of great interest in biomedical application, used in the production of implantable devices, such as dental [1] and load-bearing orthopedic implants [2]
Among the known materials used as an antifouling agent, which can reduce the adsorption of biomolecules and attachment of microorganisms, a promising one is polyethylene glycol (PEG) [5]
Coatings made of PEG suppress platelet adhesion, reducing the risk of thrombus formation, do not show antigenicity and harmful activity toward cells even throughout direct interaction [6]
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are materials of great interest in biomedical application, used in the production of implantable devices, such as dental [1] and load-bearing orthopedic implants [2]. The implant’s contact with patient tissue may induce bacterial adhesion, causing thrombosis or failed osteointegration [3]. The biofilm consists of various bacterial or even fungal species embedded in an extracellular polysaccharides (PSs) matrix and develops appropriate adhesion to a multitude of different surfaces, including host tissues as well as other bacterial cells, protects them against the host immune defense system, and provides tolerance to antibiotic treatments [4]. Among the known materials used as an antifouling agent, which can reduce the adsorption of biomolecules and attachment of microorganisms, a promising one is polyethylene glycol (PEG) [5]. Coatings made of PEG suppress platelet adhesion, reducing the risk of thrombus formation, do not show antigenicity and harmful activity toward cells even throughout direct interaction [6]
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