Synthesis and Characterization of Pectin–Chitosan crosslinked of BADGE for Adsorbents Candidate of Textile Dye Waste Water

Abstract

The increasing development of the textile industry in Indonesia has resulted in a negative effect on the dyes' wastewater that can pollute the environment. There are several methods developed to reduce the dyestuff levels in water pollution, such as coagulation and flocculation, membrane filtration, adsorption, precipitation, photocatalytic degradation, ion exchange, advanced oxidation, and biological treatment. In order to find out the solution, it is necessary to process liquid dyes waste, which has several advantages, including the relatively low cost and high efficiency in the process of absorbing liquid dyes. Commercial Chitosan and Pectin, Bisphenol A Diglysidyl Ether (BADGE) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Germany), Aceton, Acetic Acid 5%, and Aquadest. Mesoporous Pectin-Chitosan crosslinked BADGE (Pec-Chi-BADGE) membrane was successfully synthesized by the coacervation method, by mixing chitosan solution in 5% acetic acid and pectin solution in aqua dest, then added BADGE as a crosslinker to the solution. The structure and surface characteristics of Chi-Pec-BADGE membranes were analysed using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and XRD. Based on the FTIR characterization indicate that pectin chitosan crosslinked BADGE was successfully synthesized. The results showed that Chi-Pec-BADGE membranes could show the shift of peaks characterized by FTIR meant interactions of functional groups carboxyl, amine, and hydrogen. The results of XRD show that the Chi-Pec-BADGE membranes characteristic was amorphous. Furthermore, SEM data shows that the structure of the adsorbent was porous.