Abstract
In the present study attempt was made to synthesize iron nanoparticles in the presence of alumina (Al-nZVI) by sodium borohydride reduction process. The composite adsorbent has been characterized using various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy which showed that iron nanoparticles were partially dispersed on alumina surface, with their diameter being in the range 40–100 nm. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of different parameters. The maximum removal of fluoride was obtained at optimal condition of pH 5.0 and dose = 1.8 g/L and was observed to be 94% with contact time of 60 min at 40 °C and initial concentration of 2 mg/L. The adsorption data fitted that pseudo second order kinetics and followed Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption capacity of 10.06 mg/g. Thermodynamic study revealed exothermic nature of adsorption.
Highlights
Availability of safe water for consumption is one of the most important gifts to mankind
The composite adsorbent has been characterized using various analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy which showed that iron nanoparticles were partially dispersed on alumina surface, with their diameter being in the range 40–100 nm
Intake of fluoride is recommended for mineralization of bones and for constructing dental enamel
Summary
Availability of safe water for consumption is one of the most important gifts to mankind. Intake of fluoride is recommended for mineralization of bones and for constructing dental enamel. The bones and enamel contain high calcium content which attracts fluoride to a significant amount which gets deposited on the surface as calcium- fluorapatite crystal [5]. Industries of glass, ceramic production produces waste containing high fluoride concentration into discharge into water. Are found to have high fluoride concentration in water [6]. Various defluoridation techniques and treatments such as, adsorption, membrane processes, and electro-coagulation have been developed for solving the complicated health issues raised because of excessive fluoride in potable water [7]. Various adsorbents have been reported for the application of fluoride removal [9]. Alumina and aluminum based adsorbents have been extensively used for fluoride removal due to high affinity between aluminum and fluoride ions.
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