Abstract
Schiff bases are compounds containing azomethine group (-HC=N-). They are condensation products of ketones or aldehydes (aldehydes and ketones) with primary amines. Formation of Schiff base generally takes place under acid or base catalysis or with heat. The spectrophotometric determination of metals using Schiff base metal complex is very important in analytical chemistry. This study has helped to establish a novel, simple and cheap analytical method for the determination of nickel in an environmental sample especially in developing countries where the cost and maintenance of sophisticated instruments are extremely high. In this study, Schiff base ligand was synthesized using benzaldehyde and aniline to form a metal complex with the target analyte (Ni 2+ ). The melting point and electrical conductivity of the synthesized nickel complex were 175.6 o C and 84x10 -6 Ώ -1 cm -1 respectively and the maximum absorbance at 360nm was 0.60. The complex was characterized using different spectroscopic techniques. The peak in FT-IR spectra at 1625.2 cm -1 confirmed the (C=N) stretching vibration. The 13 C and 1 H NMR spectra showed 193.8 and 10.0 ppm respectively of (CH=N) which was assigned to the azomethine carbon atom and the GC-MS analysis revealed a plausible structure of the complex. The stoichiometry of the Schiff base nickel (SB-Ni) complex was established as NiSB 2 by Job’s method of continuous variation, mole- ratio and slope-ratio methods. The three procedures are in agreement over the stoichiometry of the SB-Ni complex. Keywords : Complex, Stoichiometry, N-benzylideneaniline, Spectrophotometric, Ligand DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-10-04 Publication date: December 31 st 2019
Highlights
The common Schiff bases are crystalline solids, which are feebly basic but at least some form insoluble salts with strong acids (Amit et al 2014)
Schiff bases are known as anils, imines or azomethines and several studies showed that the presence of a lone pair of electrons in sp2 hybridized orbital of nitrogen atom of the azomethine group is of considerable chemical and biological importance (Katwal et al 2013; Chandraleka et al 2011; Anita and Manish 2013)
3.1 Physico-chemicacharacterization of N-benzylideneaniline Ligand and Metal Complex The complex was air-stable with high melting point and was soluble in methanol, chloroform, diethylether, ethanol and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)
Summary
The common Schiff bases are crystalline solids, which are feebly basic but at least some form insoluble salts with strong acids (Amit et al 2014). Schiff bases generally are bi, tri, or tetra-dentate chelate ligands and form very stable complexes with metal ions Their chemical and physical properties in various fields such as preparative uses, identification, or protection and determination of aldehyde or ketones, purification of carbonyl and amino compounds or production of these compounds in complex or sensitive reactions have been studied by various researchers (Garima and Jyoti 2015; Consiglio et al 2012; Badekar et al 2016). Much of the nickel in the environment is found in soil and sediments because nickel attaches to particles that contain iron or manganese, which are often present in soil and sediments (Mtunzi et al 2015) It is considered as a borderline element between hard and soft acid acceptors in chemical interactions towards donor atoms. The objectives of this study are: 1. Synthesis of Schiff base ligand from benzaldehyde and aniline followed by synthesis of nickel (Ni) complex using the ligand as a complexing agent
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