Abstract
Arsenic contamination of groundwater is still a global problem due to the toxicity at low dose on human health confirmed by epidemiological studies. Magnetic xerogel monoliths (MXs) were synthesized by the sol-gel polymerization using resorcinol, formaldehyde, alkaline catalyst and magnetite. The varying molar ratios of magnetite and resorcinol (M/R) in the gel were evaluated for As(V) removal from groundwater. The surface chemistry, structure and morphology of MXs related to arsenic adsorption were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and point of zero charge. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of Fe contents, initial pH and adsorbent dose on As(V) removal performance. The MXs with molar ratio of M/R at 0.15 gave the maximum As(V) adsorption capacity and removal with values of 62.8 µg/g and 86.7%, respectively. The adsorption data were well described by the Elovich equation of the kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. MXs showed to be a good alternative for As(V) removal from groundwater and achieving the efficient desorption, and thus fulfilled the Mexican standard for drinking water.
Highlights
It can be observed that percent of Fe contents increased continuously following the incan be observed that percent of Fe contents increased continuously following the increase crease of molar ratios of magnetite and resorcinol (M/R) (0.05 to 0.2) and were approximately five times on the inof molar ratios of M/R (0.05 to 0.2) and were approximately five times on the increase from crease from the molar ratio of M/R at 0.05 to 0.15
The As removal of MXs prepared with molar ratio of M/R at 0.05 and 0.1 had similar
The As removal of MXs prepared with molar ratio of M/R at 0.05 and 0.1 had similar percentages of Fe contents which were 2.73% and 3.99%, respectively (Figure 1)
Summary
Water is an essential requirement for human beings and living things. The quality of water resources is altered by the source of natural and anthropogenic pollution. The contamination of aqueous effluents is a serious problem that directly and indirectly alters the balance of different ecosystems and affects human health. Arsenic is found in groundwater caused from its distribution to the earth’s crust in the naturally occurring source by geology, hydrogeology, and geochemistry especially in arid and semi-arid regions [1,2]. The main anthropogenic sources of arsenic are caused from mining, smelting and ore beneficiation processes, petroleum refining, coal burning and industries of agricultural chemicals (pesticides and insecticides) [2,3]. Arsenic in natural water is mostly presented in inorganic forms, such as arsenate As(V) and arsenite As(III)
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