Abstract
We have proposed an optimized homogeneous precipitation method for the synthesis of spherical and well-dispersed pure Ln2O2SO4 (Ln = Gd, Ho, Dy and Lu) nanoparticles (NPs) using synthesized lanthanide sulfates and urea as starting materials. Ln2O2SO4 NPs can be easily transformed to Ln2O2S by reduction under H2 flow at 650 °C for Gd, Dy and Ho whereas the reduction with Lu gave only Lu2O3. Particle size was between 500 nm and 3.5 µm. This reduction method allows to obtain Ln2O2S without using H2S which is highly toxic and uncomfortable gas. Ln2O2SO4/Ln2O2S synthetized can be used for release and oxygen storage or doped with luminescent centers for multimodal medical imaging applications.Graphical abstract
Highlights
IntroductionThe Ln2O2SO4 materials for oxygen storage and release reported so far have been prepared by several methods, such as calcination of Ln(SO4)3ÁnH2O [6,7,8], solid-state reaction method using lanthanide oxide and diammonium hydrogen sulfate as the starting materials [9, 10], utilization of precursors of layered Ln-dodecyl sulfate mesophases’ [11], Ln-precipitation [12, 13], thermal decomposition of nanodroplets formed by Ln-acetylacetonates (Ln(acac)3) [14] and hydrothermal decomposition of hydroxyl sulfates of Ln2(OH)4SO4 (Ln = Eu-Lu and Y) [15]
During this last decade, lanthanide oxysulfate and oxysulfide compounds (Ln = Gd, Ho, Dy and Lu) have been widely used due to their applications in phosphorescent material design, X-ray-computerized tomography, oxygen storage, and radiation detection [1,2,3]
We have proposed an optimized homogeneous precipitation method for the synthesis of spherical and well-dispersed pure Ln2O2SO4 (Ln = Gd, Ho, Dy and Lu) nanoparticles (NPs) using synthesized lanthanide sulfates and urea as starting materials
Summary
The Ln2O2SO4 materials for oxygen storage and release reported so far have been prepared by several methods, such as calcination of Ln(SO4)3ÁnH2O [6,7,8], solid-state reaction method using lanthanide oxide and diammonium hydrogen sulfate as the starting materials [9, 10], utilization of precursors of layered Ln-dodecyl sulfate mesophases’ [11], Ln-precipitation [12, 13], thermal decomposition of nanodroplets formed by Ln-acetylacetonates (Ln(acac)3) [14] and hydrothermal decomposition of hydroxyl sulfates of Ln2(OH)4SO4 (Ln = Eu-Lu and Y) [15] All of these methods result to bulk materials with an irregular morphology. Homogeneous precipitation synthesis is one of the most promising techniques because of its advantages such as the relatively simple synthetic route, low cost, ease of mass production
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