Synthesis and characterization of Li–Nb–Ti–O dielectric material by the citrate sol–gel method

Abstract

The Li 1+ x− y Nb 1− x−3 y Ti x+4 y O 3 (abbreviated as LNT) dielectric material, which has the periodical superstructure, was synthesized successfully at a low temperature by citrate sol–gel method. The synthesis temperature and sintering behavior of citrate sol–gel processed LNT were compared with those of conventional solid-state reaction processed LNT. The results showed that the superstructure was formed at 650 °C by citrate sol–gel route, which was much lower than that of solid-state reaction method. The LNT sample prepared by the citrate sol–gel method also exhibited higher sintering activity and bulk density than those of the sample processed by conventional solid-state reaction process. Good microwave dielectric properties of ɛ r = 68, Q × f = 4800 GHz, and τ f = −1.1 ppm/°C have been obtained by citrate sol–gel method.