Abstract
Poly(propylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) (PPF), or poly(trimethylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) (PTF), is a biobased alipharomatic polyester that is expected to replace its fossil-based terephthalate (PPT) and naphthate (PPN) homologues. PPF possesses exceptional gas barrier properties, but its slow crystallization rate might affect its success in specific applications in the future. Therefore, a series of PPF based nanocomposites with the nanoclays Cloisite®-Na (MMT), Cloisite®-20A (MMT 20A), and halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were synthesized via the in situ transterification and polycondensation method. The effect of the nanoclays on the structure, thermal, and crystallization properties of PPF was studied with several methods including infrared spectroscopy (IR), Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The insertion of the nanofillers in the polymer matrix altered the crystallization rates, and TGA results showed good thermal stability, since no significant mass loss occurred up to 300 °C. Finally, the degradation mechanism was studied in depth with Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, and it was found that β-scission is the dominant degradation mechanism.
Highlights
In recent years, the possible replacement of fossil fuels for producing monomers from cheap and renewable raw materials such as cellulose, starch, lignin, proteins, and vegetable oils is being extensively explored in order to develop a more sustainable “green” economy
Biobased polyesters can be synthesized from furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) when combined with biobased diols that are already being produced on an industrial scale
The reaction procedure is presented in Scheme 1
Summary
The possible replacement of fossil fuels for producing monomers from cheap and renewable raw materials such as cellulose, starch, lignin, proteins, and vegetable oils is being extensively explored in order to develop a more sustainable “green” economy. In this context, bio-based polymers (polymers derived from renewable sources) have attracted the interest of industries and consumers around the world over the last 20 years. FDCA is produced by biomass from a series of sugar dehydration reactions towards hydroxymethylfurfural and its subsequent oxidation, and is mainly used for the production of biobased polyesters. The FDCA-based polyester with the greatest interest is poly(ethylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate) (PEF), since it is believed it will replace poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in packaging applications as its biobased homologue
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