Abstract
The placement of metal oxide pillars between clay mineral layers modifies their physicochemical properties, including surface area, acidity, and catalytic activity. Aluminum is the most commonly used pillar cation, but the use of Fe offers a distinct opportunity to expand the range of catalytic behavior. The purpose of this study was to prepare Al-Fe-pillared smectite and to characterize the resulting materials. Al-Fe-pillared clay was synthesized from Tunisian clay precursors according to a common procedure: grinding, sieving, Na exchange, pillaring, drying and calcinations. Smectite suspension was mixed with different pillaring solutions containing Al and Fe oligomers with Fe/ (Al+Fe) percent ratios: 1; 5; 10 and 50%. Other types of material were investigated in this work; natural iron-ore was defined and characterized as heterogeneous catalysis. The structural and textural properties of synthesis and natural catalysis have been determined by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Transmission Electron Microscopy (MET), X-ray fluorescence, CEC and infrared spectroscopy.
Highlights
Wastewaters have become a major social and economic problem as modern health-quality standards and environmental regulations are gradually being more restrictive [1]
Common procedure for pillared clay (PILC) preparation is: swelling of smectite in water, exchange of the interlayer cations by partially hydrated polymeric or oligomeric metal cation complexes in the interlamellar region of the starting clay, drying and calcining of wet cake formed of expanded clay to have the metal polyoxocations transformed into metal oxide pillars [6]
X-ray diffraction spectra were recorded on samples dried at room temperature for all catalysts and after calcinations for 2 h at 300°C, 500°C and 750°C for pillared clays
Summary
Wastewaters have become a major social and economic problem as modern health-quality standards and environmental regulations are gradually being more restrictive [1] Among these pollutants an increased concern is directed towards organic refractory compounds which are difficult to remove by means of conventional wastewater treatment technologies. One of the most promising solutions for the elimination of pollutants from waste waters is catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) using pillared clays, will probably constitute the best option in the near future It has been proven as a method extremely effective under mild conditions for the degradation of almost all organic compounds to CO2, H2O and inorganic ions [2]. Common procedure for pillared clay (PILC) preparation is: swelling of smectite in water, exchange of the interlayer cations by partially hydrated polymeric or oligomeric metal cation complexes in the interlamellar region of the starting clay, drying and calcining of wet cake formed of expanded clay to have the metal polyoxocations transformed into metal oxide pillars [6]
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