Abstract
The comparative properties of pre-treated graphite waste and composite with magnetite nanoparticles were studied. The present work describes the thermal-mechanical method for pre-treated graphite electrode waste and chemical modification on the pre-treated graphite waste with magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4). The raw material is graphite electrode waste. The variables of temperature and time that affected the properties of pre-treated graphite waste was also observed. Pre-treated of graphite electrode waste was prepared via thermal process at temperatures of 60, 75, 90°C and various times of 30, 60 and 90 minutes, followed by mechanical crushing of the resultant graphite waste to 75 μm particle size. The synthetic material (graphite waste/Fe3O4 composite) was prepared with hydrochloric acid (0.1 M) for activation of the pre-treated graphite waste, followed by chemical modification with pre-treated graphite waste to Fe3O4 mass ratio 1: 1 (w/w). The experimental results showed that the pre-treated graphite waste are non-porous. Effect of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) revealed that the surface area of graphite waste/Fe3O4 composite increased from 8.44 m2/g to 64.58 m2/g. The EDX composition of Fe increased from 0.08 to 38.68 wt%, indicated that the modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto graphite waste was carried out successfully. This data is useful for the preliminary treatment process of graphite electrode waste for further applications that require adsorbent preparation and modification.
Highlights
Removal of dyes from industrial pollution such as textile industry, dye industries, papermaking, food processing, plastic and rubber dyeing, cosmetics and construction has become a significant problem in the environment and water sources [1,2,3]
The characterization and application of graphite waste after chemical modification have been reported as potential adsorbents for removal of CO2 [4,5], and dyes [6]
The modified materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and BET. Both prepared materials are used as adsorbent for removal of methyl violet (MV) from aqueous samples in the batch system [6]
Summary
Removal of dyes from industrial pollution such as textile industry, dye industries, papermaking, food processing, plastic and rubber dyeing, cosmetics and construction has become a significant problem in the environment and water sources [1,2,3]. The characterization and application of graphite waste after chemical modification have been reported as potential adsorbents for removal of CO2 [4,5], and dyes [6]. After treatment of graphite waste by thermal and mechanical methods, the surface area of graphite electrode wastes was variable: 5.9 m2/g [6], 8.49 m2/g [4], and 26.35 m2/g [7]. This work is part of an ongoing study, where in this study, the preparation of pre-treated graphite waste using thermal- mechanical methods and modified of pre-treated graphite waste with magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) are described. The modified materials were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX and BET After synthesis, both prepared materials are used as adsorbent for removal of methyl violet (MV) from aqueous samples in the batch system [6]. Fe3O4 nanoparticles are suitable for removal of dye because it was easier to recover and separat from water [9] to enable regeneration of the adsorbent [10]
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