Abstract
Fe-N-S-tri-dopedTiO2photocatalysts were synthesized by one step in the presence of ammonium ferrous sulfate. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectrum (UV-Vis DRS). XPS analysis indicated that Fe (III) and S6+were incorporated into the lattice ofTiO2through substituting titanium atoms, and N might coexist in the forms of substitutional N (O-Ti-N) and interstitial N (Ti-O-N) in tridopedTiO2. XRD results showed that tri-doping with Fe, N, and S elements could effectively retard the phase transformation ofTiO2from anatase to rutile and growth of crystallite size. DRS results revealed that the light absorbance edge ofTiO2in visible region was greatly improved by tri-doping with Fe, N, and S elements. Further, the photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized samples was evaluated by the degradation of phenol under visible light irradiation. It was found that Fe-N-S-tri-dopedTiO2catalyst exhibited higher visible light photocatalytic activity than that of pureTiO2and P25TiO2, which was mainly attributed to the small crystallite size, intense light absorbance in visible region, and narrow bandgap energy.
Highlights
Since the compounds in wastewater were treated by photocatalytic oxidation in 1976 by Carey et al [1], TiO2 nanomaterial has been considered as a promising photocatalyst in the degradation of organic or inorganic pollutants due to its inexpensiveness, nontoxicity, photostability and strong oxidation ability
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that Fe (III) and S6+ were incorporated into the lattice of TiO2 through substituting titanium atoms, and N might coexist in the forms of substitutional N (O-Ti-N) and interstitial N (Ti-O-N) in tridoped TiO2
diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) results revealed that the light absorbance edge of TiO2 in visible region was greatly improved by tri-doping with Fe, N, and S elements
Summary
Since the compounds in wastewater were treated by photocatalytic oxidation in 1976 by Carey et al [1], TiO2 nanomaterial has been considered as a promising photocatalyst in the degradation of organic or inorganic pollutants due to its inexpensiveness, nontoxicity, photostability and strong oxidation ability. In order to improve the utilization of solar energy, a great deal of efforts has been made, which include dye sensitization, coupling of TiO2 with a narrow band gap semiconductor, noble metal deposition, and doping of TiO2 with foreign ions [3,4,5,6]. Among which, doping of TiO2 with foreign ions has been considered as an effective and feasible approach to enhance the photoresponse and photocatalytic activity. It was reported that the doping of TiO2 with two or three elements could further improve the light absorbance in visible region and photocatalytic activity [7,8,9,10,11,12]. Fe-N-S-tridoped TiO2 catalyst exhibited a higher visible light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB than that of pure TiO2 and P25 TiO2
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