Synthesis and Characterization of Endophytic Fungi, Cladosporium perangustum Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and their Antioxidant, Anticancer and Nano-toxicological Study

Abstract

In the present study, endophytic fungi, Cladosporium perangustum, water extract was used to analyze phytochemical by qualitative and GC-MS methods. Synthesis of the silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectra, XRD, FTIR, DLS, EDX and SEM to know the biophysical properties and these were evaluated for antioxidant, anticancer and nano-toxicological studies. The endophytic fungal water extract yielded biologically important phytochemicals in qualitative method and the GC-MS yielded five different types of phytochemicals. The colour was changed to dark brown when silver nitrate incubated with C. perangustum water extract. Typical silver nanoparticle formations were confirmed using UV-visible spectra at 420 nm and were spherical shaped ranging size 30–40 nm. The CpAgNPs showed significant antioxidant activity compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene in all the four methods (DPPH, scavenging activity of H2O2 and nitric oxide and reducing power). The CpAgNPs significantly reduced the viability of the MCF-7 cancer cell line and enhanced the caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities at the highest level, assumed to be CpAgNPs induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. The CpAgNPs had cause cytotoxic effect on actively growing onion root tip cells by exhibiting different mechanism. But CpAgNPs had not inhibited the growth of green gram and also exhibited anti-hemolysis and heme-biocompatible activity on human blood RBCs. In all results, the study provided use of endophytic fungi C. perangustum in the synthesis of nanoparticles and their significant antioxidant, anticancer and nano-toxicological studies. The results are strong evidence to develop potential antioxidant and anticancer silver nanoparticles for commercial application.