Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide which is applied to the soil, and its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of photosynthesis. One of its main functions is to control the appearance of weeds in crops, primarily in corn, sorghum, sugar cane, and wheat; however, it is very toxic for numerous species, including humans. Therefore, this work deals with the adsorption of ATZ from aqueous solutions using nanocomposite materials, synthesized with two different types of organo-modified clays. Those were obtained by the free radical polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) and acrylamide (AAm) in different stoichiometric ratios, using tetrabutylphosphonium persulfate (TBPPS) as a radical initiator and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) as cross-linking agent. The structural, morphological, and textural characteristics of clays, copolymers, and nanocomposites were determined through different analytical and instrumental techniques, i.e., X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Adsorption kinetics experiments of ATZ were determined with the modified and synthesized materials, and the effect of the ratio between 4VP and AAm moieties on the removal capacities of the obtained nanocomposites was evaluated. Finally, from these sets of experiments, it was demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposites with higher molar fractions of 4VP obtained the highest removal percentages of ATZ.
Highlights
Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide that belongs to the family of triazines; its International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name is 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (Figure 1)
It is a selective herbicide that is applied to the soil; mainly, its action mechanism involves the inhibition of photosynthesis
It was confirmed that the swelling capacity of the synthesized materials was influenced by the percentage of the hydrophilic monomer (AAm) into their structure; i.e., the higher the hydrophobic monomer
Summary
Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide that belongs to the family of triazines; its International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name is 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (Figure 1). It is a selective herbicide that is applied to the soil; mainly, its action mechanism involves the inhibition of photosynthesis. In plants, it is absorbed through the roots or leaves and it is applied before or after the germination of seeds. One of the main applications of ATZ is for controlling the occurrence of broadleaf and grassy weeds [1,2]. ATZ is known as an endocrine disruptor; this term defines a diverse and heterogeneous set of chemical compounds capable of altering the hormonal balance.
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