Abstract
Herein, the synthesis and characterization of different clay based composite materials for decontamination of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater are described. Raw clay, sodium carbonate modified clay, raw clay modified with alginate, sodium carbonate-alginate modified clay, clay modified with iron magnetite, and clay-alginate surfactant composites were synthesized, characterized, and studied. Surface morphology examination revealed porous active-site structures. Modification of clay with sodium carbonate showed similar removal efficiency of 99% of MB to its raw counterpart. While all composite materials returned MB removals greater than 90%, their granular structures provided distinct application advantages over their powder forms. The adsorption kinetics was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics with rate constants of 1.27x10-4 and 1.15x10-2 mg L-1 min−1 for clay alginate (CA) and raw clay material (RCM), respectively. The adsorption isotherm was best fit to the Langmuir model with qmax of 109.9 and 106.4 mg/g for CA and RCM, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption were evaluated and revealed the process to be exothermic in nature with a loss of randomness. The results indicate that these composite materials have high potential for future application in environmental remediation of recalcitrant organic pollutants.
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