Abstract
New polysaccharides are being intensely studied as sources of edible materials, with potential application in food packaging systems, eco-materials and the pharmaceutical industry. This investigation aimed to develop biopolymer films based on the polysaccharides obtained from chañar (CH) fruit (Geoffrea decorticans). The resulting polysaccharides, from hydrothermal extraction (CHT) and acid extraction (CHA) were hydrodynamically characterized, with density, viscosity, and diffusion coefficient measurements to obtain their properties in an aqueous solution (intrinsic viscosity, shape factor, partial specific volume, hydration value, molecular weight, and hydrodynamic radius). The polysaccharides films (CHTF and CHAF) were characterized with SEM/EDX, DSC, TGA-DTG, FTIR, DRX, mechanical tests, water vapor permeation, colorimetry, antioxidant capacity, and biodegradability, to determine potential applications based on these properties. The results indicated that the extraction method affects the hydrodynamic properties of the obtained polysaccharide. They differ in molecular weight, and RH of CHT was greater than CHA. Both gums were quasi-spherical, and the νa/b value of CHT was more than CHA. The films properties did not present significant differences in most cases. SEM micrographs illustrate that CHAF presents a much rougher surface. The results of the mechanical analysis show that CHTF has better mechanical properties, it has higher elongation at break and tensile strength, with a Young Modulus of 2.8 MPa. Thermal analysis indicates good thermal stability of the films until about 150 °C. The degradation study shows that CH films are biodegradable in a 35 day range. The study of this properties is critical to demonstrate the functionality of biopolymers and their application. The obtained results represent an advantage and evidence that chañar is an interesting source for extract polysaccharides with film forming properties.
Highlights
New polysaccharides are being intensively studied around the world
The development of biopolymers is of great interest due to the environmental pollution generated by plastics production
The results show that combined ultrasonic treatment and the addition of sargassum polysaccharide could significantly enhance the films’ tensile strength, elongation, and transparency, whereas the water vapor permeability was decreased
Summary
New polysaccharides are being intensively studied around the world. The purpose of these new polysaccharides goes from applications such as food (gels, additives, dietetics, thickeners, co-emulsifiers, stabilizers, etc.) [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10], packaging (protective and biodegradable films) [11,12,13], eco-materials [14], pharmaceuticals (capsules, patches, excipients [15], anticoagulants, antilipidics, anti glycemic, antioxidants, nutraceuticals, etc.) [16,17]. Galus et al work in 2020 [28], presents the concept and potential application of new filmforming materials and management of food wastes from the fruit and vegetable industry, which can encounter problems at appropriate disposal. Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6, 10 with other biopolymers (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids) to develop films due to its superior biodegradable, rheological, and film-forming properties These films are used as active packaging and edible coating in the food industry, used in the pharmaceutical industry [36]. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, high-methoxyl pectin, low-methoxyl pectin, sodium alginate, and locust bean gum were prepared using like source polysaccharide extracted from jambolan and grape juices. Mechanical tests, water vapor permeation, colorimetry, antioxidant capacity, and biodegradability properties were studied to determine potential applications of chañar films
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