Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Materials Derived from Eggshells from Different Poultry with and without the Eggshell Membrane.

Marta Kalbarczyk,Zoltan May,Dariusz Sternik,Aleksandra Szcześ,Izolda Kantor

doi:10.3390/ma15030934

Marta Kalbarczyk, Zoltan May + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030934

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Journal: Materials	Publication Date: Jan 26, 2022
Citations: 9	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University

Abstract

Calcium phosphate materials such as hydroxyapatite (HA) or tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) are highly attractive due to their multitude of applications in bone replacement as well as their environmental and ecological credentials. In this research, quail, hen, duck, and pigeon eggshells were used as a calcium source to obtain calcium phosphate materials via the environmentally friendly wet synthesis. Using the eggshells with the organic membrane, the biphasic calcium phosphate materials composed mainly of HA were obtained. The second mineral phase was β-TCP in the case of using quail, hen, and pigeon eggshells and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in the case of duck eggshells. The HA content in the obtained materials depended on the amount of membrane in the eggshells and decreased in the order of pigeon, duck, hen, and quail eggshells. The eggshell membrane removal from the eggshells caused the reduced content of HA and the presence of the more soluble β-TCP or OCP phase in the obtained materials. The calcium ions release profile in the PBS buffer indicates the potential biomedical application of these materials.

Highlights

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralThe biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs) are bioceramics composed of two phases at different ratios, mostly hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [1,2]
A simple and environmentally friendly method has been applied to convert the agricultural wastes into the mainly biphasic calcium phosphate material mixture composed of HA and β-TCP or octacalcium phosphate (OCP)
The materials obtained from quail, hen, and pigeon eggshells with EMS consisted of β-TCP and HA in an approximate ratio of 1:1, 1:3.5, and 1:6, respectively

Summary

Introduction

The biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs) are bioceramics composed of two phases at different ratios, mostly hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [1,2]. By changing the HA/β-TCP ratio in the mixture, the biological properties can be optimized compared to the monophasic calcium phosphates [3,4,5] due to the balance between the resorption and solubilization processes [6]. The preparation of biphasic and multiphasic calcium phosphates is mainly proceeded by the high-temperature (higher than 750 ◦ C) sintering of non-apatitic calcium phosphates, such as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or calcium deficient hydroxyapatite phosphates (CDHA) as well as using the two-step sintering process with microwave irradiation. The wide range of applications of those composites are connected with the bone and dental replacements and the possibility of the BCP use as a drug carrier or a fertilizing agent [9,10,11,12].

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