Abstract
Novel polyaniline/zinc oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PANI/ZnO/MWCNT) ternary nanocomposite was fabricated as a non-enzymatic glucose biosensor. Thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was employed to synthesize vertically aligned MWCNTs on stainless steel substrates coated by Co catalyst nanoparticles. In order to fabricate sensitive and reliable MWCNT-based biosensors, nanotubes density and alignment were adjusted by varying the CVD reaction time and cobalt sulfate concentration. The fabricated nanotubes were modified by ZnO particles through the potentiostatic electrodeposition technique. Optimal electrodeposition potential, electrodeposition time, and electrolyte concentration values were determined. The optimized ZnO/MWCNT nanocomposite was reinforced by polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers through the potential cycling technique, and the morphology, elemental composition, and phase structure of the fabricated nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The sensing mechanism of the PANI/ZnO/MWCNT electrode for the electrochemical detection of glucose was investigated, and the limit of detection and sensitivity values of the designed sensor were determined. The fast response time of the ternary nanocomposite-based sensor as well as its satisfactory stability and reproducibility, makes it a promising candidate for non-enzymatic detection of glucose in biomedical, environmental, and industrial applications.
Highlights
Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose is of crucial importance to clinical diagnostic applications, and to the ecological fields, wastewater treatment, and food industries [1,2,3,4]
High-quality and well-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) arrays can be fabricated by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process which is uniquely superior to the other synthesis methods of carbon nanotubes such as arc discharge and laser-ablation
In this work, we successfully developed a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on PANI/ZnO/MWCNT ternary nanocomposite
Summary
Electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose is of crucial importance to clinical diagnostic applications, and to the ecological fields, wastewater treatment, and food industries [1,2,3,4]. High-quality and well-aligned MWCNT arrays can be fabricated by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process which is uniquely superior to the other synthesis methods of carbon nanotubes such as arc discharge and laser-ablation This method involves the catalytic decomposition of a gaseous carbon precursor at an elevated temperature on the surface of a substrate coated with transition catalysts such as iron, cobalt, or nickel [14]. Polyaniline (PANI) is exceptionally unique among the class of conducting polymers, and it has been extensively applied in electrochemical sensors by virtue of its excellent conductivity, environmental stability, high polymerization yield, and low cost [21] Both ZnO/MWCNT and PANI/MWCNT nanocomposites have been studied for enzymatic glucose detection, none of these binary hybrid materials have been examined as non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. This study aimed to explore the sensitivity, detection limit, response time, stability, and reproducibility of the developed biosensor for non-enzymatic glucose detection in alkaline electrolytes
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