Synthesis and characterization of a copper-based metal–organic framework and its application in microextraction and determination of chlorpyrifos by ion mobility spectrometry

Abstract

This study describes an innovative method for the microextraction and determination of chlorpyrifos, utilizing a newly synthesized copper-based metal–organic framework (MOF) with 3,3ʹ-thiodipropionic acid as the ligand. This approach offers a sensitive and reliable solution for the ultra-trace determination of chlorpyrifos in various matrices, highlighting its potential for broader environmental and food safety applications. To minimize environmental impact, a hydrothermal method was chosen for MOF synthesis. The MOF was fully characterized using FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, FESEM-EDX, BET, zeta potential analysis, and XPS; and integrated into a dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) technique, paired with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for chlorpyrifos detection. The DSPME procedure has been optimized for extraction efficiency, minimal solvent use, and low absorbent consumption. A low detection limit of 0.65 ng mL−1 was observed and validated along with a linear detection range of 1.0–400.0 ng mL−1 as the result of this optimization. Experiments with water, pear fruit, and soil samples demonstrated the method’s practicality and superior performance compared to existing techniques, showcasing its potential for real-world applications.