Abstract
The aims of this study were to demonstrate the synthesis of an experimental glass ionomer cement (GIC) by the non-hydrolytic sol-gel method and to evaluate its biocompatibility in comparison to a conventional glass ionomer cement (Vidrion R). Four polyethylene tubes containing the tested cements were implanted in the dorsal region of 15 rats, as follows: GI - experimental GIC and GII - conventional GIC. The external tube walls was considered the control group (CG). The rats were sacrificed 7, 21 and 42 days after implant placement for histopathological analysis. A four-point (I-IV) scoring system was used to graduate the inflammatory reaction. Regarding the experimental GIC sintherization, thermogravimetric and x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated vitreous material formation at 110oC by the sol-gel method. For biocompatibility test, results showed a moderate chronic inflammatory reaction for GI (III), severe for GII (IV) and mild for CG (II) at 7 days. After 21 days, GI presented a mild reaction (II); GII, moderate (III) and CG, mild (II). At 42 days, GI showed a mild/absent inflammatory reaction (II to I), similar to GII (II to I). CG presented absence of chronic inflammatory reaction (I). It was concluded that the experimental GIC presented mild/absent tissue reaction after 42 days, being biocompatible when tested in the connective tissue of rats.
Highlights
Since glass ionomer cement (GIC) was introduced into Dentistry in the early 1970’s by Wilson and Kent [1], it has been widely due to its capacity to adhere to dental structures even without previous surface treatment, its coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity similar to dentin, its fluoride releasing capacity, which aids preventing and inhibiting caries recurrence and remineralizing the dental structure, and its biocompatibility [2,3,4]
The aims of this study were to demonstrate the nonhydrolytic sol-gel synthesis method of this new material and to evaluate its biocompatibility, in comparison to a conventional GIC, through morphological and morphometric analyses of the reaction caused by these cements in the subcutaneous tissue of rats
From a biological point of view, its irritant potential must be evaluated because eventual toxic components may cause irritation, degeneration or even necrosis of the tissues adjacent to the material [11]
Summary
Since glass ionomer cement (GIC) was introduced into Dentistry in the early 1970’s by Wilson and Kent [1], it has been widely due to its capacity to adhere to dental structures even without previous surface treatment, its coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus of elasticity similar to dentin, its fluoride releasing capacity, which aids preventing and inhibiting caries recurrence and remineralizing the dental structure, and its biocompatibility [2,3,4]. The GIC powder is a calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass, to which other components, such as lanthanum, strontium, barium and zinc oxide, have been added, the vitreous particles being susceptible to acid attack. The acid used in the majority of contemporary cements is an aqueous solution of polyacrylic and tartaric acid. When mixed with the powder, a paste is formed in which the acid reacts with the glass particles, and calcium, aluminum, sodium and fluoride ions are released into the aqueous medium [1,4]. The acid groups of the organic polyacrylic acid chains, for example, react with the glass powder, breaking the Al-O-Si bonds, releasing
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