Abstract
The paper presents a comprehensive survey on the synthetic procedures of transition metal complexes of α-pyridinyl alcoholato, α-bipyridinyl alcoholato, α,α’-pyridinyl dialcoholato and α,α’-bipyridinyl dialcoholato ligands and their coordination chemistry. Greater emphasis is, however, given to the catalytic activity of the complexes in homogeneous and asymmetric chemical reactions. The multidentate character of the pyridinyl alcohols and/or bipyridinyl diols is of great importance in the complexation with a large number and type of transition metals. The transition metal complexes of pyridinyl alcoholato or bipyridinyl dialcoholato ligands in most cases, and a few pyridinyl alcohols alone, were used as catalysts in homogeneous and chemical asymmetric reactions. In most of the homogeneously catalysed enantioselective chemical reactions, limited numbers and types of pyridinyl alcohols and or bipyridinyl diols were used in the preparation of chiral catalysts that led to a few investigations on the catalytic importance of the pyridinyl alcohols.
Highlights
Transition metal complexes have played a remarkable role in the development of homogeneous catalysis [1,2]
The ability to interact with transition metals both covalently and through hemilabile coordination to form chiral complexes caused the pyridinyl alcohols differentiate the enantioface of aldehydes and ketones [5]
Of the multifaceted applications of the pyridinyl alcohols, the lions share is taken by the preparation of their transition metal complexes for the homogeneous and chemical asymmetric catalysis that included; metathesis, olefin polymerization, olefin epoxidation, cyclopropanation, addition of organozinc compounds to chalcones, enantioselective addition of organozinc compounds to aldehydes, allylic oxidation, ring-opening reactions of meso-epoxides, aldol reactions, allylic alkylation, asymmetric hydrosilation, kinetic resolution of rac-benzyl alcohols, aquous disproportionation of H2O2, arylation of aromatic compounds, carbonylative hydro-esterification of alkenes/alkynes, and ethylene oligomerization
Summary
Transition metal complexes have played a remarkable role in the development of homogeneous catalysis [1,2]. The development of a novel chiral catalytic system became the driving force that led many researchers to synthesise chiral pyridinyl alcohols and chiral bipyridinyl diols and utilise them in the various enantioselective synthetic reactions [16] These alcohols have such a remarkable importance and diversified utility, no comprehensive overview of the synthesis and applications of the transition metal complexes of the alcohols have been made to date. We compiled an overview of the synthesis of transition metal catalysts of chiral as well as achiral pyridinyl alcoholato and bipyridinyl diol ligands and their applications in the homogeneous and asymmetric catalysis reactions. The topic of this review is homogeneous catalysis and we shall pay attention to the synthesis of pyridinyl alcoholato or bipyridinyl diol ligand-containing transition metal catalysts and their catalytic applications
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