Abstract
IC lead frame scraps with about 18.01% tin, 34.33% nickel, and 47.66% iron in composition are industrial wastes of IC lead frame production. The amount of thousand tons of frame scraps in Taiwan each year is treated as scrap irons. Ni-Zn ferrites used in high frequent inductors and filters are produced from Ni-Zn ferrite powders by pressing and sintering. The amount of several ten thousand tons of ferrites ofNi1-XZnXFe2O4in compositions is consumed annually in the whole world. Therefore, these IC lead frame scraps will be used in this research as raw materials to fabricate magnetic ferrite powders and combined subsequently with titanium sulfate and urea to produce magnetic photocatalysts by coprecipitation for effective waste utilization. The prepared Ni-Zn ferrite powder and magnetic photocatalyst (Ni-Zn ferrite/TiO2) were characterized by ICP, XRF, XRD, EDX, SEM, SQUID, and BET. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized magnetic photocatalysts was tested by FBL dye wastewater degradation. TOC and ADMI measurement for degradation studies were carried out, respectively. Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model of the prepared magnetic TiO2proved available for the treatments. Wastes are transformed to valuable magnetic photocatalysts in this research to solve the separation problem of wastewater and TiO2photocatalysts by magnetic field.
Highlights
Wastewaters from textile and dyeing industries are highly colored by various nonbiodegradable dyes which cause serious environmental problems [1]
The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Magnetic ferrite powder of Ni0.5 Zn0.5Fe2O4 was successfully prepared by coprecipitation from industrial wastes of IC lead frame and waste acids of steel industry
(2) Magnetic photocatalyst of Ni-Zn ferrite/TiO2 was successfully fabricated from prepared magnetic ferrite powder, Ti (SO4)2, and urea by the same coprecipitation
Summary
Wastewaters from textile and dyeing industries are highly colored by various nonbiodegradable dyes which cause serious environmental problems [1] Advanced oxidation processes such as UV/H2O2 [2], ozonation [3,4,5], Fenton processes [5,6,7,8], ozone/Fenton [9], and TiO2 and modified TiO2 [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17] are promising alternatives for the mineralization of textile dyes or other pollutants. Among different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), a brand new AOP, sonolysis or hybrid AOP, combined with sonolysis has drawn increasing attention as it generates ⋅OH free radical through transient cavitation by ultrasound irradiation [18,19,20]. Sonochemical approach is considerably new to synthesize ferrite in which ferrite nanoparticles are prepared by ultrasound irradiation or sonication of the reaction mixture [31]
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