Abstract
Groundwater is one of the main natural resources having its application in various fields which affects its quantity. Groundwater pollution occurs when used water is returned to the hydrological cycle. The present study aims to assess the spatial variations of groundwater quality parameters in Southern tip of Karnataka using Geoinformatics technique. Efforts have been made to evaluate a total number of 46 representative groundwater samples (C1 to C46) from different parts of the study area during pre-monsoon period (April-May 2005) to assess its parameters such as F- , NO3-, CO3-, Cl- , Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ , SO4 2-, Fe, K+ , pH and EC. Groundwater quality is found to be more controlled by rock-water interaction and residence time of water in aquifers and affected more by anthropogenic factors at many locations. Each Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) patterns and major lineaments are mapped and digitized using SoI topomap of 1:50,000 scale and IRS-1D, PAN+LISS-III satellite data through GIS software’s. Wide applications of chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides in large agricultural and vegetative lands; mining activities are the major factors that are contaminating the soil and leaching through seepage, fractures, faults and joints (lineaments) into the groundwater. The study reveals the potentiality of Geoinformatics application in preparation of more consistent and accurate baseline information predicting the groundwater quality in Precambrian hard rock terrain of the study area.
Highlights
Water is the main source for domestic, engineering, industrial, agricultural and multipurpose uses which affects its supply and demand due to rapid rise in population
The district falls in Cauvery River Basin (CRB) and drained by its tributaries such as Suvarnavathi and Chikkahole
These agricultural lands measures an area of 31.05% of total geographical study
Summary
Water is the main source for domestic, engineering, industrial, agricultural and multipurpose uses which affects its supply and demand due to rapid rise in population. Occurrence and movement of groundwater are controlled by the degree of weathering, fracturing, the geomorphological set up and precipitation [1,2] Scarcity of potable drinking water is one of the major development issues in parts of many states [3] Groundwater is contaminated more by anthropogenic activities reducing its supply in the study area and posing threats to water developmental programmes. Agrochemicals, sewage/drain water leakage and mining activities are noticed on major lineaments and observed to be serious threats to groundwater quality [4] The quality of groundwater is governed by the mineralogical composition of the rocks [2] Several groundwater related studies have been reported all over the world on groundwater evaluation [5,6] and groundwater quality mapping [7,8] using GIS.
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